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''Brigade de cuisine'' ((英語:kitchen brigade)) is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as "kitchen staff" in English-speaking countries. The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks. ==List of positions== This is an exhaustive list of the different members of the kitchen brigade system. Only the largest of establishments would have an extensive staff of this size. As noted under some titles, certain positions are combined into other positions when such a large staff is unnecessary. Note: Despite the use of ''chef'' in English as the title for a cook, the word actually means "chief" or "head" in French. Similarly, ''cuisine'' means "kitchen," but also refers to food or cooking generally, or a type of food or cooking. ;''Chef de cuisine'' (kitchen chef; literally "chief of kitchen"): is responsible for overall management of kitchen; supervises staff, creates menus and new recipes with the assistance of the restaurant manager, makes purchases of raw food items, trains apprentices, and maintains a sanitary and hygienic environment for the preparation of food.〔Dominé, 32.〕 ;''Sous-chef de cuisine'' (deputy kitchen chef; literally "under-chief"): receives orders directly from the ''chef de cuisine'' for the management of the kitchen, and often serves as the representative when the ''chef de cuisine'' is not present.〔 ;''Saucier'' (saucemaker/sauté cook): prepares sauces and warm ''hors d'oeuvres'', completes meat dishes, and in smaller restaurants, may work on fish dishes and prepare sautéed items. This is one of the most respected positions in the kitchen brigade, usually ranking just below the chef and sous-chef.〔 ;''Chef de partie'' (senior chef; literally "chief of party"; party used here as a group, in the sense of a military detail): is responsible for managing a given station in the kitchen, specializing in preparing particular dishes there. Those who work in a lesser station are commonly referred to as a ''demi-chef''.〔 ;''Cuisinier'' (cook): is an independent position, usually preparing specific dishes in a station; may also be referred to as a ''cuisinier de partie''.〔 ;''Commis (junior cook)'': also works in a specific station, but reports directly to the ''chef de partie'' and takes care of the tools for the station.〔 ;''Apprenti(e)'' (apprentice): are often students gaining theoretical and practical training in school and work experience in the kitchen. They perform preparatory work and/or cleaning work.〔 ;''Plongeur'' (dishwasher or kitchen porter): cleans dishes and utensils, and may be entrusted with basic preparatory jobs.〔 :;''Marmiton'' (pot and pan washer, also known as kitchen porter): in larger restaurants, takes care of all the pots and pans instead of the ''plongeur''.〔Dominé, 33.〕 ;''Rôtisseur'' (roast cook): manages a team of cooks that roasts, broils, and deep fries dishes.〔 :;''Grillardin'' (grill cook): in larger kitchens, prepares grilled foods instead of the ''rôtisseur''.〔The Culinary Institute of America, 8.〕 :;''Friturier'' (fry cook): in larger kitchens, prepares fried foods instead of the ''rôtisseur''.〔 ;''Poissonnier'' (fish cook): prepares fish and seafood dishes.〔 ;''Entremetier'' (entrée preparer): prepares soups and other dishes not involving meat or fish, including vegetable dishes and egg dishes.〔 :;''Potager'' (soup cook): in larger kitchens, reports to the ''entremetier'' and prepares the soups.〔 :;''Legumier'' (vegetable cook): in larger kitchens, also reports to the ''entremetier'' and prepares the vegetable dishes.〔 ;''Garde manger'' (pantry supervisor; literally "food keeper"): is responsible for preparation of cold ''hors d'oeuvres'', pâtés, terrines and aspics; prepares salads; organizes large buffet displays; and prepares charcuterie items.〔 ;''Tournant'' (spare hand/roundsman): moves throughout the kitchen, assisting other positions in kitchen. ;''Pâtissier'' (pastry cook): prepares desserts and other meal-end sweets, and for locations without a ''boulanger'', also prepares breads and other baked items; may also prepare pasta for the restaurant.〔 :;''Confiseur'': in larger restaurants, prepares candies and ''petits fours'' instead of the ''pâtissier''.〔 :;''Glacier'': in larger restaurants, prepares frozen and cold desserts instead of the ''pâtissier''.〔 :;''Décorateur'': in larger restaurants, prepares show pieces and specialty cakes instead of the ''pâtissier''.〔The Culinary Institute of America, 8,9.〕 :;''Boulanger'' (baker): in larger restaurants, prepares bread, cakes, and breakfast pastries instead of the ''pâtissier''.〔 ;''Boucher'' (butcher): butchers meats, poultry, and sometimes fish; may also be in charge of breading meat and fish items.〔 ;''Aboyeur'' (announcer/expediter): takes orders from the dining room and distributes them to the various stations; may also be performed by the ''sous-chef de partie''.〔 ;''Communard'': prepares the meal served to the restaurant staff.〔 ;''Garçon de cuisine'' (literally "kitchen boy"): in larger restaurants, performs preparatory and auxiliary work for support.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「brigade de cuisine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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